1. LIVER FUNCTION TESTS (LFTs): These tests assess the function of the liver and include measurements of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin.

2 .RENAL FUNCTION TESTS: These tests evaluate kidney function and include measurements of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride.

3. LIPID PROFILE: This panel measures various lipid components in the blood, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. It helps assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.

4. BLOOD GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT: This test measures the concentration of glucose in the blood and is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia.

5. HEMOGLOBIN A1C (HBA1C): This test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months and is used to monitor long-term glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

6. THYROID FUNCTION TESTS: These tests assess thyroid hormone levels, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3), to evaluate thyroid function and diagnose thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

7. ELECTROLYTE ANALYSIS: : This includes the measurement of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate, which are essential for maintaining the body's fluid balance, acid-base balance, and nerve/muscle function.

8. PROTEIN ANALYSIS: This involves the measurement of various proteins in the blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid, including total protein, albumin, globulins, and specific proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP) or immunoglobulins.

9. TUMOR MARKERS: These are substances produced by cancer cells or by the body in response to cancer. Common tumor markers include prostate-specific antigen (PSA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which are measured to monitor cancer progression or response to treatment.

10. HORMONE ASSAYS: These tests measure hormone levels in the blood or urine to diagnose endocrine disorders such as adrenal insufficiency, hypopituitarism, or hormonal imbalances.

11. URINE ANALYSIS: This involves the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine to assess kidney function, detect urinary tract infections, and diagnose various metabolic disorders.

12. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) ANALYSIS: : CSF analysis involves the examination of cerebrospinal fluid obtained via lumbar puncture to diagnose conditions such as meningitis, encephalitis, and neurodegenerative diseases.

13. BASIC METABOLIC PANEL (BMP) / COMPREHENSIVE METABOLIC PANEL (CMP): These panels include a series of tests that assess the status of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate), kidney function (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen), liver function (bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, and sometimes calcium.